Generic Corporate Strategy for Bellamy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Generic Corporate Strategy for Bellamy. Answer: Bellamy centers around centered separation methodology as its nonexclusive corporate technique. The worth chain model of Bellamy causes us to investigate how the organization makes an incentive for its buyers in Australia by working together among its essential exercises and bolster exercises (Paliwoda and Thomas 2013). Nonexclusive Type of Business Strategy for Bellamy The association Bellamy doesn't concentrate on cost initiative rather the main natural food maker has received centered separation system and conveys results of high caliber to clients. The engaged separation methodology received by Bellamy is as per the following- I) Bellamy applies specific natural Formula STEP 1 for assembling food items for babies. The organization has exceptional equation for babies who are under a half year old. ii) The Company has likewise embraced centered separation methodology by assembling natural food items for youngsters who are a half year to one year old by executing specific Formula Step 2,so that fundamental supplements, vitamins(Piercy 2014). iii) The Company embraces centered separation system is for assembling items for youngsters who are 1 year to over 3 years of age. The results of Bellamy is a blend of particular recipe or milk of highest caliber from bovines and other 13 supplements like fat, calcium, iron and inulin. Bellamy likewise makes nourishments that could be in a split second served to youngsters like bites, pasta and grains. Examination of Porters Value Chain Activity Implemented of Bellamy The Value chain action was proposed by Michael Porter in the year 1985. Bellamy follows the essential exercises in the worth chain model like inbound coordinations, activities, outbound coordinations, Marketing and Sales and administration. These essential exercises are bolstered by acquirement, technology,human asset the board and firm framework. Bellamy executes the worth chain exercises so as to accomplish upper hand by conveying natural food results of in excess of 30 assortments to kids. Bellamy centers around Michael Porters conventional procedure of separation for wide market and centered separation for thin market (Armstrong et al 2014). The essential exercises of the Bellamy is bolstered by help exercises like obtainment of elements for creating natural food items for youngsters, mechanical and innovative work division of Bellamy continually centers around redesigning present day innovation to build its product offering and item width so the results of Bellamy can be separated from other natural food results of the market (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes 2015). Bolster Activities Firm Infrastructure- From the product offering of Bellamy it could be surely known that the main natural food maker utilizes centered separation procedure by focusing on a very specialty advertise for kids and furthermore by utilizing uncommon recipe to fabricate natural results of highest caliber. The equation used to create food items for offspring of various age sections are likewise separated like Formula Step 1, 2 and 3. Along these lines results of Bellamy are profoundly separated from the food items that are accessible in the market. All food results of Bellamy comply with the principles and guidelines of Australian Food Authority and by receiving the engaged separation business level system in Australian market just as South East Asian market. The Company increases upper hand as it is the pioneer in assembling of natural food items for kids since the Company was built up in 2003 and has all the innovative expertise to be a market chief in Australian market. Hence in the wake of grasping a solid a dependable balance in Australian market the main natural food producer is making arrangements for worldwide extension. There is accentuation on creation of results of high caliber and the data frameworks like information mining devices are utilized to comprehend inclination of clients. (Passage and Leonidou 2013). Human Resource Management-Personnel preparing is predominant and pay programs empowers efficiency and imagination of laborers in Bellamy. Innovation From the profoundly separated results of Bellamy, it is surely known that the Company puts resources into essential research to create top notch items. Obtainment The natural crude materials bought by Bellamy is of highest caliber. The essential exercises of significant worth chain of Bellamy are as per the following- 1) Inbound coordinations - Bellamy utilizes present day innovation to deal with the crude materials so nature of definite items improves and harm is diminished. 2) Bellamy deals with its everyday operational exercises and reactions quickly to clients criticism and actualizes particulars from clients while fabricating appealing items for them. 3) Outbound Logistics-The handling of request from clients are quick and conveyance of items to clients by Bellamy are consistently on time since clients can buy items from Coles, Woolworths and other retail chains. 4)The showcasing and deals division of the organization by building a solid brand picture in the brain of clients and situating itself as a superior maker of natural food items for youngsters and Bellamy keeps up close to home relationship with clients and purchasers. 5) The administration gave to clients by Bellamy is of highest caliber. New Strategic Initiative of Bellamy The method of passage in the Chinese market for Bellamy is send out methodology and Bellamy ought to have a solid coordinations framework to trades its items to China. The Company ought to have a solid dissemination framework in China with the goal that results of the Company are effectively accessible to customers in China and the Company should concentrate on advancing and selling its items in computerized stage in China One new key activity for Bellamy could be to advance its items internet utilizing current showcasing apparatuses like computerized advertising and information mining methods. The organization can have its very own online foundation and a versatile application ought to be accessible to clients for simple installment. Likewise, Bellamy can sell its food items in driving on the web stages like Alibaba. Additionally, since the Company is focusing on kids who are the buyers of the main natural food producer however the clients of the natural food items are the guardians of the kids who really pay to purchase items for youngsters. Subsequently the organization can expand its product offering by assembling natural food items for the moms of youngsters. After conveyance of kids, ladies require basic nutrients and enhancements to keep up the calcium necessity of their body. Bellamy can enhance its item portfolio by assembling items for the mother of kids and can regularly advertise the items together so wholesome necessities of both mother and kids are fulfilled by the results of Bellamy. The Company has just settled itself in Australia. In this way to increase a gigantic client base in the worldwide market and improve its cost the Company should center worldwide market extension. The main natural food maker has just extended in Asian nations and plans to set up its activity in China. The nonexclusive methodology of the Bellamy is engaged separation and the natural food producer Bellamy has a specialty advertise base. In spite of the fact that the Company ceaselessly puts resources into Research and Development to redesign its product offering and attempts to include all the more new items fabricated by most recent innovation advancement, still the association should concentrate on expanding its item base by offering natural food items for moms of the buyers. Before entering the Chinese market the Company should concentrate on examine about the Chinese market and should benchmark its incentive with the comparable items offered by Chinese producers. So as to pick up trust of Chinese customers Bellamy should hit the passionate harmony with purchasers in China, put corporate social duties in China and ought to make work openings in the nation which will assist the Company with being gainful over the long haul in China (Papadopoulos and Heslop 2014). Market Development-International Strategy Bellamy is wanting to enter in the Chinese market and the method of section followed by the Company would be trade technique Bellamy can tie up with banks, money related establishments in China and build up its fare technique by delivery its items in China. Bellamy can tie up with wholesalers in China and ought to have a solid coordinations framework to appropriate its traded items. The Company ought to guarantee that the items are conveyed to customers on schedule. This will empower the Company to make validity in the psyches of Chinese customers and make a ton of work opportunity and make hotspot for money for Chinese populace. By building up its Supply Chain and logisticsmanagement office in China, the Company can make its items effectively accessible to the Chinese purchasers. The stocks provided to buyers in China will be new in nature and will be conveyed on schedule if the main natural food producer Bellamy sets up its assembling office in China (Hemmerling, Hamm and Spiller 2015). It very well may be noticed that there was an outrage about food items for Children in China which prompted the demise of 6 kids. In this way the customers in Chinese market will confide in a brand that has advertise notoriety. The key activity that can be embraced by Bellamy in China is to build its image an incentive in China. The organization ought to advance itself in China and increase trust of Chinese clients. Since the Company is as of now a settled brand in Australia, it will be simpler for the organization to pick up trust of Chinese purchasers. While buying items for kids, guardians as of now do a great deal of statistical surveying in the purchasing procedure of shopper conduct. The main natural food producer as of now

Free Essays on Airplanes Saftey

Air terminal administration â€Å"McCarran Airport† The McCarran International air terminal is situated in Las Vegas Nevada only one mile south of the strip. The McCarran International Airport is a piece of the Clark region Airport framework which claims and works six air terminals, including five general flight air terminals. These air terminals are worked under the approach bearing of the Board of County Commissioners, the authority of the County Manager and the administration of the executive and Deputy Director of Aviation. The Department of Aviation is an independent undertaking and works without region general store charge incomes. The territories of the McCarran air terminal that we will endeavor to investigate are: the Airports’ history, current status, the tentative arrangements; plan factors and an assessment whether these variables are reasonable for the current and future needs of the air terminal. First we will talk about the present realities of the Airport. McCarran International is the fifth busiest air terminal in North America, and twelfth on the planet as of the year 2000. In 2001 traveler traffic was 35,203,808. Right now McCarran air terminal midpoints 96,449 travelers for every day contrasted with the 1991 normal of 55,266 every day. Somewhere in the range of 1991 and 2000 traveler traffic has expanded 74.5%. At present in excess of 30 aircrafts offer relentless assistance to in excess of 70 worldwide and local goals. The entirety of the significant aircrafts fly into the air terminal including United, southwest, American west, Delta, American, Continental and Northwest. This indicates 30 Domestic Airlines, 23 International and 21 Charter. In excess of 900 day by day plan flights fly all through the Airport. McCarran offers constant booked support of Canada, Germany, Japan, Mexico and London. Likewise fourteen airfreight organizations offer support through McCarran. M cCarran comprises of 92 airplane entryways at two separate terminal structures. Terminal 1 has doors A-D with entryway A totaling 19 doors, B 20 doors, C19 doors and D has 26 gates.... Free Essays on Airplanes Saftey Free Essays on Airplanes Saftey Air terminal administration â€Å"McCarran Airport† The McCarran International air terminal is situated in Las Vegas Nevada only one mile south of the strip. The McCarran International Airport is a piece of the Clark area Airport framework which claims and works six air terminals, including five general avionics air terminals. These air terminals are worked under the approach course of the Board of County Commissioners, the authority of the County Manager and the administration of the chief and Deputy Director of Aviation. The Department of Aviation is an independent undertaking and works without area general reserve charge incomes. The regions of the McCarran air terminal that we will endeavor to examine are: the Airports’ history, current status, the tentative arrangements; structure factors and an assessment whether these elements are appropriate for the current and future needs of the air terminal. First we will examine the present realities of the Airport. McCarran International is the fifth busiest air terminal in North America, and twelfth on the planet as of the year 2000. In 2001 traveler traffic was 35,203,808. As of now McCarran air terminal midpoints 96,449 travelers for every day contrasted with the 1991 normal of 55,266 every day. Somewhere in the range of 1991 and 2000 traveler traffic has expanded 74.5%. Presently in excess of 30 aircrafts offer constant support to in excess of 70 worldwide and local goals. The entirety of the significant aircrafts fly into the air terminal including United, southwest, American west, Delta, American, Continental and Northwest. This signifies 30 Domestic Airlines, 23 International and 21 Charter. In excess of 900 every day plan flights fly all through the Airport. McCarran offers constant planned support of Canada, Germany, Japan, Mexico and London. Additionally fourteen airfreight organizations offer support through McCarran. McCarr an comprises of 92 airplane entryways at two separate terminal structures. Terminal 1 has entryways A-D with door A totaling 19 doors, B 20 doors, C19 entryways and D has 26 gates....

College Attendance Speech, Classes Examinations - 550 Words

College Attendance Speech, Classes Examinations (Speech Presentation Sample) Content: College Attendance SpeechNameInstructorCourseDateTitle: College Attendance SpeechPurpose StatementAt the end of my speech, my audience will agree with me that college class attendance should be the responsibility of the student.Thesis statementCollege class attendance should not be mandatory since it is not directly linked to success. * Introduction * Attention-getter: how many people agree that college attendance should be mandatory? How many of you have been forced by the instructors to compulsory attend the classes? How many of you have attended all the classes and still performed poorly in the examinations? I know you have witnessed students fail to attend most of the classes but still perform excellently in the examinations. * Thesis statement: compulsory class attendance does not mean improved performance and thus should be banned since so many students pass their examinations and perform well in academics even with a low percentage of class attendance. * Previe w of main points 1 Compulsory college attendance is not linked to improved performance. 2 Students are the tuition payers and should not be punished for what they are paying for. 3 It saves the work of the instructors as they do not struggle dealing with unexcused and excused absences. 4 College students are adults who know what is good for them and should be treated as adults 5 When forced to go to class, most of the college students would only act as distraction to other students * Interest/ Relevance (Credibility statement): Being adults who pay for their college tuition and select the courses to pursue, college students should not be forced to attend classes but rather attend the classes they choose and find time for. * Compulsory attendance of classes does not translate to academic success * As noted by Haworth (2013), so many students who attend college classes regularly fail compared to some who do not. So many studies cannot relate attendance to improved academic performance . * Grading the students in their academic performance with attendance as a factor is unfair. This is because different students have different learning styles and the instructors should be interested in their academic performance and not their attendance of classes.[Dont you now think that students should be left out to decide whether they attend the classes or not; all what the instructor should be concerned with is their performance and not their attendance. I know some of you I now interested in learning more on students decision to attend classes. Let us consider the issue of who pays the tuition fees and thus the one who should make the decisions on attendance.] * Students should be given the chance to decide when to attend college classes because they pay the tuition fees * A person should be left to enjoy what he has acquired. This acquisition happens when students pay the tuition fee and thus should be left to make a decision on how to spend the tuition fee (Lucas Bernstei n, 2014). * Deciding to pay for a certain course means that a student is interested in it and failing to attend does not prove otherwise.[I am not sure that some of you agree with me that students should be left to enjoy what they pay for. Failing to attend classes should not also be a bother to the instructors who are not paid to monitor the attendance trend of the students but rather are paid to teach. Let us now see how mandatory class attendance would be a bother to the instructors.] * Instructors should not bear the burden of keeping records of who attended and who did not attend, who excused and who did not excuse his absenteeism, and how this should add to ones grade. * When class attendance is mandatory and thus used to compute ones grade, instructors have to keep cumbersome records on who attended and who missed classes as well as the number of classes missed. * Instructors also have a lot of students issues to address as the some have to excuse themselves from class for se veral issues. Since the students are adults, they have to attend to family issues, take care of sick family members, and also attend to personal issues. The instructors should have to hear all these as they ask for the excuses for failed attendance. When attendance is not mandatory, instructors are saved from all these struggles (Alfred, 2012).[Now that it is clear that mandatory class attendance is a bother to the instructors, let us see how it affects a person who considers himself an adult] * College students are adults and should be treated as such * Being an adult, students are like workers who enjoy so many off days from work to attend to personal and family issues. Students should have a chance to do so as well. * Students are adults who are in a position to make rational decisions and thus one should have good reasons ...

Substance Abuse in Older Population - 1556 Words

(Basca, 2008 Rothrauff, 2004). Symptoms such as confusion and cognitive decline that are sometimes seen in aging adults are often seen in those with SUDs. The Role of the Physician One of the first lines of defense in helping the elderly who are struggling with substance abuse is assisting them in recognizing there is a problem and correctly screening for substance abuse (Han et al., 2009). This primary role of the physician is essential to the treatment of the older patient’s medical needs. The medical community plays an important role in the lives of older people. Physicians prescribe the medications which a person might possibly abuse. It is the responsibility of the physician to identify and address a patient’s possible problems with substance abuse. When contemplating the most effective treatment of older patients with substance use problems it is vital to take into account all areas of the patient’s health care (Rothrauff, 2004). Many aging patients utilize the services offered by members of a church community, home health care workers, social workers, and others on a regular basis. All of those who are involved in the patient’s care can assist a physician in incorporating valuable resources and become vital members of the patient’s support network (Rothrauff, 2004). Family members, while an important part of a patient’s treatment, should only be included in treatment decisions with the consent of the patient. Confidentiality is of the utmost importanceShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse in Older Populations1147 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue of substance misuse and abuse among the elderly population is complex. The elderly rarely use alcohol or drugs to get high rather drug or alcohol use that begi ns after age 60 appears fundamentally different (Culberson Ziska 2008). 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The number of Americans age 65 or older are living longer, in more comfort and in better health than ever before. However, not all American elders are living in good health. As our aging baby boomers live longer, a substantial and growing percentage of older adults misuse alcohol, prescription drugs, or other substances (Bartel, Blow, Brockmann, 2005). In turn, substance abuse among the elder is generating major health concerns and a rapid need for prevention methods. Substance abuseRead MoreSubstance Abuse and the Elderly Essay example1705 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance Abuse and the Elderly Substance abuse in the elderly exists just as in any other population. Many seniors develop substance abuse problems due to circumstances or situations due to the aging process. A report by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment/Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration indicates that 17% of adults age 60 and older are affected by alcohol abuse and abuse of legal drugs. 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Depression is among the leading causes of disability in the general adult population, ages 18 years and above (US Preventative Services Taskforce [USPST], 2016). The US Preventative Services Taskforce recommends that all adult patients be screened for depression (USPST, 2016). Approximately 6% of older adults, ages 65

Globalization The Economic And Financial Integration Of...

1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background The end of 20th century, more and more business are growing constantly, business are wanted to go global by expanding their business overseas. In today’s global market it reflects among the measures of economic activity going in the world economy. For the worldwide economy to be existing a rising share of the financial actions occurring between countries to country who live in distinctive nations. It can involve trade, investments, production labour and also viewing its economic situations in nations and between nations. Globalisation has similar content as global market but it is more abroad. Globalization can be considered as the growing economic and financial integration of economies around the globe.†¦show more content†¦The United States in known for having one of the largest luxury market worldwide. It had been investigated, United States extravagance deals have been generally quarter of the global sales on luxury goods. As the economy in the sales has been de veloping for as long as two years however because of having a high unemployment rate it frustrates the Business as shopper are not eager to spend. In the earlier year 2014, the US economy is recuperating pleasantly after because of a delayed time of modest growth. Distress esteem sales of luxury goods in the US have expanded every year since 2010. After a top twofold digit development in 2011 had been enrolled yet due the eased off because of unemployment, extravagance merchandise are not making much on deals but rather prone to ascend in 2014. In 2014 the development rate has expanded, due the interest from residential customers and visitor going to the US. This will permit extravagance merchandise industry to have noteworthy advantage from an increment on purchasers wages increase specially the US ladies who are the ones will build the business deals and development of extravagance products. 1.2 Aim The purpose of this report is to analyse the level of market demand for Amari Kartini’s luxury products in the United States of America. This report aims to address three main sections which are, Identification and justification of the

Significance Of Motivation Chinese Healthcare †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Significance Of Motivation Chinese Healthcare. Answer: Main theme The journal article by (Beek, Hu, Schaufeli, Taris, Schreurs, 2012), highlights and discusses the significance of motivation among Chinese healthcare professionals. Additionally, the authors of the article explain the methods of motivating people along with recognizing the major motivational factors for the nurses in the Chinese healthcare sector. The authors have also highlighted on self-determination theory that includes helps in motivating individuals in a macro-environment by considering the individuals inherent growth tendencies and psychological needs. The primary aim of the authors was to distinguish between workaholism (bad type), work engagement (good type) and burnout in respect to motivation for the individuals. The article emphasised on 544 nurses and 216 physicians of the Chinese healthcare professionals. Supporting Facts According to the journal article, it can be said workaholism, work engagement and burnout is determined by effective supervision and motivation for the employees. Additionally, motivation helps in influencing the staffs on their ways of communicating and interacting with the patients that helps in providing high-quality health services. The major motivating factors for the staffs of Chinese healthcare sector include promotion, appraisal, recognition and awards that eventually determine the job satisfaction of the staffs. The healthcare sector spends huge amount of money per year to combat with the employee turnover rate, as lack of motivation results in increased employee turnover rate. It is the responsibility of the management of the healthcare system to create a positive working environment for the staffs. The human resource department of the healthcare sector helps in achieving the organizational and employee needs by developing a deep understanding regarding the distinct motivat ional needs and motivational processes. Therefore, having a better understanding about the psychological needs of the healthcare staffs are important for motivating them. The psychological needs that helps in motivating the staffs includes self-esteem, belongingness and security along with supervising the staffs. Other significant factors that help in motivating the staffs include effective communication, trust, respect, salary, wage and positive working environment. The Specialized terms Motivation Motivation is the key that determines the employee and organizational success. Motivation is defined as the driving force that initiates and directs the behaviour of the individuals. Motivation also acts as the internal energy that drives the individual to do something thereby, achieving the organizational and personal goals. Different individuals have different motivational factors that drive them to perform better thereby, enhancing their performance. Workaholism Workaholism refers to excessive hard work done by the employees. Additionally, work obsessed employees are also considered as workaholics, as they work much harder compared to their fellow employees in order to achieve the economic and organizational standards. Workaholic employees are forced to work without their willingness and lacks motivation. Work engagement Work engagement for employees highlights a fulfilling and positive state of employees that are characterised by employee dedication, absorption and vigour. While working, high persistence level energy and mental resilience defines the willingness of the employees to invest towards their job roles. Employee engagement refers to employees with high levels of interested, dedicated and compassionate employees that enjoys their work. Therefore, work engagement is the positive outcomes of working hard and the employees are more satisfied with their work thereby, more committed towards work. Burnout The state of employee exhaustion is defined as burnout due to which the employees are cynical about the occupation value. Additionally, in this case, the employees are unaware of their complete potential. Therefore, the mental resources of the employees are exhausted thereby, leading to cynicism due to which the employees develop an indifferent and detached attitude towards their job role and the organization. Job Satisfaction Job satisfaction is a crucial aspect for the employees as this helps in determines the employee dedication, engagement and compassion towards their work and the organization. Appropriate motivation results in employees those are satisfied with their job. Employees those are satisfied with their job performs better, as they tend to enjoy the work they do. Self-determination theory The concept of SDT highlights the approach that can be used to motivate the individuals that deals with the inner growth tendencies by considering the psychological needs of the individuals. The approach is concerned with the types of motivation applicable for the individuals based on their psychological needs. Intrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation is self-granted and comes when something is meaningful or provides a purpose for the individual. Intrinsic motivation comes from within the individual that includes autonomy, mastery and purpose. Intrinsic motivation helps the individuals to strive towards a goal for personal accomplishment. Psychological needs The psychological needs determines the state of mind for the individuals that helps in understanding the requirement of motivation. Personal growth The personal growth of the individuals is essential for progressing in the career. Motivation helps in personal growth by pushing the individuals to achieve better results. Extrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation is an action taken by another person that helps in motivating the employees by extrinsic factors such as grades, appraisal, requirement and monetary wage. Reflection According to me, motivation is one of key factor that plays a significant role in any organization. This is because motivation helps in influencing the productivity of the employee thereby, determining the overall success of the organization. I also believe that each individual have distinct personality traits due to which they have different psychological needs. Therefore, using only one type of motivational style for motivating all the employees is incorrect and inappropriate. However, on the contrary, I think creating positive working environment that are compatible for all the employees also helps in motivating the staffs of the organization. According to me, some types of motivators can be used for motivating wide range of employees. Therefore, I think the line in manager needs to have better understanding of their employees and the factors that motivates them. This will help the managers in persisting the employees to continue what they want to do at workplace. For example, I p refer to work with managers those have the ability to motivate me thereby, bringing the best out of me by acknowledging me on my hard work, effort and contribution towards my duty. I strongly believe that positive vibe of my fellow workers and their motivation can have an impact on individual mood. Therefore, I tend to compliment my fellow employees when they perform well or have helped me in completing my job successfully. Additionally, I think an individual needs to be aware the best motivators for them. This can only be possible if the individuals have better self-understanding. According to the concept of self-determination theory, individuals need to connect and communicate with the surrounding environment by ensuring competence and autonomy thereby, achieving satisfaction at work. However, I also think that desired vacation and time out for job is required for individuals to feel motivated to work. I tend to maintain daily commotion list in respect to my job. Ticking off the completed work thereby, motivates me to achieve even better along with trying harder to activities that I have been unable to achieve. I think it is important for individuals to under stand that each day at work might come with different challenges that might be difficult to handle, as it might be out of our control. Therefore, I think individuals must not allow these challenges negatively affect the individuals, as each day is not equally productive. According to me, goal setting and self-evaluation is significant and achievable by doing one thing at a time along with considering the previous working experiences and accomplishments. Moreover, I think better career opportunities influences in motivating the individuals in performing better at workplace. References Beek, v., Hu, Schaufeli, Taris, Schreurs, . (2012). For Fun, Love, or Money: What Drives Workaholic, Engaged, and Burned?Out Employees at Work? Applied Psychology, 30-35.

Year 2000 Problem Essays (2278 words) - Calendars, Software Bugs

Year 2000 Problem Argument for the statement "The Year 2000 bug will have such extensive repercussions that families and individuals should begin planning now for the imminent chaos." The Ticking Bomb Introduction A serious problem called the "Millennium Bug", and also known as the "Year 2000 Problem" and "Y2K", is bringing a new century celebration into a daunting nightmare. In the 1860s and 1970s, when computer systems were first built, the computer hardware, especially information storage space, was at a premium. With an effort to minimise storage costs, numeric storage spaces were drained to the smallest possible data type. Ignoring the fact that a software may be run in multiple centuries, programmers started conserving storage spaces by using two digits to specify a year, rather than four. Consequently, on January 1, 2000, unless the software is corrected, most software programs with date or time may malfunction to recognise the entries in the year fields "00" as the year as "1900" instead of "2000" . Year 2000 problem is not restricted only to the above exigency. 20 years ago, everybody understood that a leap year came every 4th year except for every 100th year. However, a piece of algorithm has been forgotten by most people ? a leap year does exist every 400 years. So, under the first two rules, year 2000 is not a leap year, but with the third rule, it actually is. Computing errors will also occur before Year 2000. Values such as 99 are sometimes used for special purposes not related to the date. The number 99 is used in some systems as an expiration date for data to be archived permanently ? so some computers may lose the data a year before 2000. Programmers and software developers were surprised to see some of their programs survive for only a few years but failed to anticipate the problems coming by the year 2000. It is sorrowful to find most programs are still in use or have been incorporated into successor systems. Because of the need for new applications to share data in a common format with existing systems, inheriting the six-digit date field that has become a standard over time. The disaster scenario envisaged is that a great number of computer systems around the world will make processing errors and will either crash or produce incorrect outputs . As a result financial institutions, businesses organisations, informational technology and even aeroplane radar communications will all then be in a welter of confusion. In military services, the system meltdown may also worsen the appropriate control of nuclear missiles in silos. It is a ticking time bomb destined to wreak havoc on millions of computer systems in every economy, both commercial and residential, and thus need everyone's serious attention. However, the bug is likely to affect more staggeringly the business computers which imply an alarming economic problem. Many organisations have not yet started projects to examine the impact of the millennium bug on their systems. By applying The Standish Group's CHAOS research to Year 2000 projects, 73% of Y2K projects will fail according to the pace now taking. The biggest challenge for these companies is convincing top level management of the severity of the year 2000 problem and the amount of time, money and resources needed to fix it. On that account, to ensure this disaster is minimised, none of us should worm out of devoting resources in preventing the potential anarchy. It is a costly Task As simple as the problem sounds, the fix for the Millennium Bug will cost up to US$600 billion world-wide, according to estimates by the Gartner Group, a leading information technology consultancy. The software fixes are very time-consuming, requiring considerable effort to examine millions of lines of source code in order to locate problem date fields and correct them. The costs to apply the fixes will vary from company to company, but research has given the figure of approximately between US$0.50 to $2 per line of source code for modification, with these costs expected to escalate as much as 50 per cent for every year that projects are delayed. Unfortunately, this average excludes date conversions on military weapons systems software, which is expected to be significantly more expensive to convert, and the real figure should even be much larger. One of the first steps an organisation needs to take on the way to ensuring Year 2000 compliance is to determine what they have to be changed. The business will need to prepare an inventory of hardware and software utilised to allow assessment of problem areas.